Briefly: This began with work in the last 1980s and culminated in animal work then translation to humans with the first patient in February 1992 in Memphis.

History: Has been outlined in several publications

Projects: Currently (2024) focusing on outcome stuides

Original Publications: To follow

Conclusions: The bio-electric therapy of GES has come into its own since its US FDA approval in 2000. New work with Enterra Medical is pending.